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Trade Potential in the Bilateral Relationship Between Indonesia-South Korea (Perspective: SITC Agregat 1 Digit) 2013-2022
Corresponding Author(s) : Uci Yusri Nurhidayah
JURNAL HUBUNGAN LUAR NEGERI,
Vol. 9 No. 2 (2024): Jurnal Hubungan Luar Negeri
Abstract
The Republic of Indonesia and South Korea have engaged in a bilateral cooperation spanning 50 years across diverse domains. Despite the success of this collaboration in augmenting the overall trade between the two nations in alignment with their initial economic objectives, the trajectory of trade development has not consistently followed a linear pattern. This study aims to elucidate the trading dynamics between Indonesia and South Korea from 2013 to 2022. This period was selected as it reflects significant dynamics in bilateral trade relations as well as global economic fluctuations that influenced the trade patterns of both countries. This is achieved through a comprehensive analysis utilizing methodologies such as the Grubel-Lloyd Index, Trade Balance Index (TBI), Trade Complementarity Index (TCI), and Revealed Symmetric Comparative Advantage Index (RSCA). The research outcomes reveal a high degree of industrial interrelatedness within 10 commodity groups, with 7 exhibiting robust integration and 3 displaying varying degrees of integration ranging from moderate to weak. Despite the sustained high level of compatibility in the trade structure, discernible fluctuations are observed in trade surpluses and deficits. The analysis of the Revealed Symmetric Comparative Advantage Index highlights the absence of significant comparative advantages for Indonesia across the majority of the analyzed commodities. Notwithstanding marginal alterations in the Product Mapping classification, statistical analyses of (IIT), TBI, TCI, and RSCA underscore bilateral trade's nuanced and dynamic nature, with annual fluctuations necessitating focused attention.  ÂÂ
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- Adzimatinur, F. (2018) ‘Competitiveness Analysis and Factors Affecting Trade of Main Commodities between Indonesia and Turkey’, Indonesian Journal of Business and Economics, 1(2). Available at: https://journal.uniku.ac.id/index.php/ijbe (Accessed: 5 August 2024).
- Arianto, B. (2021). Dampak Pandemi Covid-19 Terhadap Perekonomian Dunia. Jurnal Ekonomi Perjuangan (Jumper), 2(2), 106-126.
- Balassa, B. (1965) ‘Trade Liberalization and “revealed†Comparative Advantage’, The Manchester School, pp. 99-123. doi: https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-9957.1965.tb00050.x.
- Balassa, B. and Bauwens, L. (1987) ‘Intra-Industry Specialization in Multi-Country and Multi-Industry Framework’, Economic Journal, pp. 923-939.
- Dalum, B., Laursen, K. and Villumsen, G. (1998) ‘Structural Change in OECD Export Specialization Patterns: De-specialization and Stickiness’, International Review of Applied Economics, pp. 423-443.
- Greenaway, D. and Milner, C. (1983) ‘On The Measurement of Intra-Industry Trade’, The Economic Journal, 93, pp. 900-908.
- Greenaway, D., Hine, R. and Milner, C. (1994) ‘Country-Specific Factors and The Pattern of Horizontal and Vertical Intra-Industry Trade in UK’, Weltwirtschaftliches Archiv, 136, pp. 76-100.
- Grubel, H. and Lloyd, P. (1971) ‘The Empirical Measurement of Intra-Industry Trade’, The Economic Record, 47, pp. 494-517.
- Grubel, H. and Lloyd, P. (1975) Intra-Industry Trade: The Theory and Measurement of International Trade with Differentiated Products. 1st Edn. London: The Macmillan Press.
- Hesti, S. N. (2023) ‘Perluasan Pasar Ekspor Produk Manggis Ke Korea Selatan Dengan Memanfaatkan IK-CEPA Pada CV A&H’, Journal of Management and Innovation, 2(8). Available at: https://jmi.rivierapublishing.id/index.php/rp (Accessed: 5 August 2024).
- Hinloopen, J. and van Marrewijk, C. (2001) ‘On the Empirical Distribution of the Balassa Index’, Review of World Economics, 137(1), pp. 1-35.
- Hoang, V. (2018) ‘Assessing The Agricultural Trade Complementarity of The Association of Southeast Asian Nations Countries’, Agricultural Economics, 10, pp. 464-475.
- Kemal, T. and Ates, A. (2010) ‘Structure and Determinants of Intra-Industry Trade in the U.S. Auto-Industry’, Journal of International and Global Economic Studies, 2(2), pp. 15-46.
- Kemendag (2018) Available at: https://jdih.kemendag.go.id/ (Accessed: 5 August 2024).
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- Kemendag (2023) Indonesia-Korea Comprehensive Economic Partnership Agreement (IK-CEPA). FTA Centre. Available at: https://ftacenter.kemendag.go.id/ik-cepa (Accessed: 5 August 2024).
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- Khadan, J. and Hosein, R. (2016) Trade, Economic and Welfare Impacts of the CARICOM-Canada Free Trade Agreement.
- Krugman, P. (1991) ‘Increasing Returns and Economic Geography’, Journal Of Political Economy, 99(3), pp. 484-487. doi: 10.1086/261763.
- Lafay, G. (1992) ‘The Measurement of Revealed Comparative Advantages’, in Dagenais, M.G. and Muet, P.A. (eds.) International Trade Modeling.
- Lancaster, K. (1980) ‘Intra-Industry Trade Under Perfect Monopolistic Competition’, Journal of International Economics, 10(2), pp. 151-175. doi: 10.1016/0022-1996(80)90052-5.
- Laursen, K. (1998) ‘Revealed Comparative Advantage and the Alternatives as Measures of International Specialization’, DRUID Working Paper, 98-30.
- Laursen, K. (2015) ‘Revealed Comparative Advantage and the Alternatives as Measures of International Specialization’, Eurasian Business Review, 55(1), pp. 99-115.
- Li, C., Wang, J. and Whalley (n.d.) The Economies of China and India Cooperation and Conflict.
- Lipsey et al. (1995) Pengantar Mikroekonomi Jilid 1. Jakarta: Binarupa Aksara.
- Nabila, S.B. and Wijayati, H. (2022) ‘The Impact of IK-CEPA (Indonesia-South Korea Comprehensive Economic Partnership Agreement) for Indonesia’, Formosa Journal of Sustainable Research, 1(3), pp. 287-298. doi: https://doi.org/10.55927/fjsr.v1i3.908.
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- Salvatore, D. (2013) International Economics. 12th Edn. doi: https://doi.org/10.4324/9780203462041.
- Salvatore, D. (2020) ‘Growth and Trade in the United States and the World Economy: Overview’, Journal of Policy Modeling, 42(4), pp. 750-759.
- Santoso, R.B. (2022) ‘Diplomasi Ekonomi Indonesia Terhadap Korea Selatan Dalam Indonesia-Korea Comprehensive Economic Partnership Agreement (IK-CEPA)’, Indonesian Journal of International Relations, 6(2), pp. 368-386. doi: https://doi.org/10.32787/ijir.v6i2.386.
- Setyawati, E. (2018) Analisis Faktor-Faktor Pengaruh Perdagangan Intra Industri (Intra-Industry Trade) Indonesia dengan Beberapa Mitra Dagang di Kawasan Asia Tahun 2001-2017. Fakultas Ekonomi, Universitas Negeri Yogyakarta.
- Subagyo and Pangestu (2003) Statistik Deskriptif. Yogyakarta: BPFE.
- Suryoatmono, B. (2007) Kursus Statistika Dasar. Available at: http://home.unpar.ac.id/~suryoatm/Kursus%20Statistika%20Dasar.PDF (Accessed: 5 August 2024).
- Tushinder, D. et al. (2021) ‘India's Trade Relationship with the United States of America: A Comparative Study’, International Journal of Humanities & Social Science Studies (IJHSSS), 7(4). doi: 10.29032/ijhsss.v7.i4.20.
- UN Comtrade (2023) SITC Commodity Export and Import Volume.
- Widodo, T. (2009) ‘Comparative Advantage: Theory, Empirical Measures and Case Studies’, Review of Economic and Business Studies.
- Wibowo, K. (2003) ‘Pembangunan Dan Pertumbuhan Ekonomi: Kerangka Teoritis Dan Aplikasinya’, ESPA4424/Modul 1. Available at: http://www.pustaka.ut.ac.id/lib/wp-content/uploads/pdfmk/ESPA4424-M1.pdf (Accessed: 5 August 2024).
- World Bank (2023) World Economic Indicators 2023. Available at: https://data.worldbank.org/ (Accessed: 5 August 2024).
References
Adzimatinur, F. (2018) ‘Competitiveness Analysis and Factors Affecting Trade of Main Commodities between Indonesia and Turkey’, Indonesian Journal of Business and Economics, 1(2). Available at: https://journal.uniku.ac.id/index.php/ijbe (Accessed: 5 August 2024).
Arianto, B. (2021). Dampak Pandemi Covid-19 Terhadap Perekonomian Dunia. Jurnal Ekonomi Perjuangan (Jumper), 2(2), 106-126.
Balassa, B. (1965) ‘Trade Liberalization and “revealed†Comparative Advantage’, The Manchester School, pp. 99-123. doi: https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-9957.1965.tb00050.x.
Balassa, B. and Bauwens, L. (1987) ‘Intra-Industry Specialization in Multi-Country and Multi-Industry Framework’, Economic Journal, pp. 923-939.
Dalum, B., Laursen, K. and Villumsen, G. (1998) ‘Structural Change in OECD Export Specialization Patterns: De-specialization and Stickiness’, International Review of Applied Economics, pp. 423-443.
Greenaway, D. and Milner, C. (1983) ‘On The Measurement of Intra-Industry Trade’, The Economic Journal, 93, pp. 900-908.
Greenaway, D., Hine, R. and Milner, C. (1994) ‘Country-Specific Factors and The Pattern of Horizontal and Vertical Intra-Industry Trade in UK’, Weltwirtschaftliches Archiv, 136, pp. 76-100.
Grubel, H. and Lloyd, P. (1971) ‘The Empirical Measurement of Intra-Industry Trade’, The Economic Record, 47, pp. 494-517.
Grubel, H. and Lloyd, P. (1975) Intra-Industry Trade: The Theory and Measurement of International Trade with Differentiated Products. 1st Edn. London: The Macmillan Press.
Hesti, S. N. (2023) ‘Perluasan Pasar Ekspor Produk Manggis Ke Korea Selatan Dengan Memanfaatkan IK-CEPA Pada CV A&H’, Journal of Management and Innovation, 2(8). Available at: https://jmi.rivierapublishing.id/index.php/rp (Accessed: 5 August 2024).
Hinloopen, J. and van Marrewijk, C. (2001) ‘On the Empirical Distribution of the Balassa Index’, Review of World Economics, 137(1), pp. 1-35.
Hoang, V. (2018) ‘Assessing The Agricultural Trade Complementarity of The Association of Southeast Asian Nations Countries’, Agricultural Economics, 10, pp. 464-475.
Kemal, T. and Ates, A. (2010) ‘Structure and Determinants of Intra-Industry Trade in the U.S. Auto-Industry’, Journal of International and Global Economic Studies, 2(2), pp. 15-46.
Kemendag (2018) Available at: https://jdih.kemendag.go.id/ (Accessed: 5 August 2024).
Kemendag (2022) Peraturan Menteri Perdagangan Nomor 57 Tahun 2022. Kementerian Perdagangan. Available at: https://jdih.kemendag.go.id/peraturan/detail/2768/1 (Accessed: 5 August 2024).
Kemendag (2023) Indonesia-Korea Comprehensive Economic Partnership Agreement (IK-CEPA). FTA Centre. Available at: https://ftacenter.kemendag.go.id/ik-cepa (Accessed: 5 August 2024).
Kemenlu (2023) Profil Negara dan Hubungan Bilateral Indonesia Korea Selatan. Available at: https://kemlu.go.id/seoul/id/pages/hubungan_bilateral/558/etc-menu (Accessed: 5 August 2024).
Khadan, J. and Hosein, R. (2016) Trade, Economic and Welfare Impacts of the CARICOM-Canada Free Trade Agreement.
Krugman, P. (1991) ‘Increasing Returns and Economic Geography’, Journal Of Political Economy, 99(3), pp. 484-487. doi: 10.1086/261763.
Lafay, G. (1992) ‘The Measurement of Revealed Comparative Advantages’, in Dagenais, M.G. and Muet, P.A. (eds.) International Trade Modeling.
Lancaster, K. (1980) ‘Intra-Industry Trade Under Perfect Monopolistic Competition’, Journal of International Economics, 10(2), pp. 151-175. doi: 10.1016/0022-1996(80)90052-5.
Laursen, K. (1998) ‘Revealed Comparative Advantage and the Alternatives as Measures of International Specialization’, DRUID Working Paper, 98-30.
Laursen, K. (2015) ‘Revealed Comparative Advantage and the Alternatives as Measures of International Specialization’, Eurasian Business Review, 55(1), pp. 99-115.
Li, C., Wang, J. and Whalley (n.d.) The Economies of China and India Cooperation and Conflict.
Lipsey et al. (1995) Pengantar Mikroekonomi Jilid 1. Jakarta: Binarupa Aksara.
Nabila, S.B. and Wijayati, H. (2022) ‘The Impact of IK-CEPA (Indonesia-South Korea Comprehensive Economic Partnership Agreement) for Indonesia’, Formosa Journal of Sustainable Research, 1(3), pp. 287-298. doi: https://doi.org/10.55927/fjsr.v1i3.908.
Rompas, R. (2019) Hubungan Dagang Internasional Indonesia dan Korea Selatan, 2011-2016.
Saleh, S. and Gadjah Mada, U. (2010) ‘Trade Specialization Indices: Two Competing Models’, Journal of Indonesian Economy and Business, 25(2).
Salvatore, D. (1997) Ekonomi Internasional. 5th Edn. Translated by A. Munandar. Jakarta: Erlangga.
Salvatore, D. (2013) International Economics. 12th Edn. doi: https://doi.org/10.4324/9780203462041.
Salvatore, D. (2020) ‘Growth and Trade in the United States and the World Economy: Overview’, Journal of Policy Modeling, 42(4), pp. 750-759.
Santoso, R.B. (2022) ‘Diplomasi Ekonomi Indonesia Terhadap Korea Selatan Dalam Indonesia-Korea Comprehensive Economic Partnership Agreement (IK-CEPA)’, Indonesian Journal of International Relations, 6(2), pp. 368-386. doi: https://doi.org/10.32787/ijir.v6i2.386.
Setyawati, E. (2018) Analisis Faktor-Faktor Pengaruh Perdagangan Intra Industri (Intra-Industry Trade) Indonesia dengan Beberapa Mitra Dagang di Kawasan Asia Tahun 2001-2017. Fakultas Ekonomi, Universitas Negeri Yogyakarta.
Subagyo and Pangestu (2003) Statistik Deskriptif. Yogyakarta: BPFE.
Suryoatmono, B. (2007) Kursus Statistika Dasar. Available at: http://home.unpar.ac.id/~suryoatm/Kursus%20Statistika%20Dasar.PDF (Accessed: 5 August 2024).
Tushinder, D. et al. (2021) ‘India's Trade Relationship with the United States of America: A Comparative Study’, International Journal of Humanities & Social Science Studies (IJHSSS), 7(4). doi: 10.29032/ijhsss.v7.i4.20.
UN Comtrade (2023) SITC Commodity Export and Import Volume.
Widodo, T. (2009) ‘Comparative Advantage: Theory, Empirical Measures and Case Studies’, Review of Economic and Business Studies.
Wibowo, K. (2003) ‘Pembangunan Dan Pertumbuhan Ekonomi: Kerangka Teoritis Dan Aplikasinya’, ESPA4424/Modul 1. Available at: http://www.pustaka.ut.ac.id/lib/wp-content/uploads/pdfmk/ESPA4424-M1.pdf (Accessed: 5 August 2024).
World Bank (2023) World Economic Indicators 2023. Available at: https://data.worldbank.org/ (Accessed: 5 August 2024).