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Penyelenggaraan Indonesia-Chile Comprehensive Economic Partnership Agreement (IC-CEPA) Dalam Mendorong Potensi Perdagangan dan Posisi Politik Indonesia di Global South
Corresponding Author(s) : Hendrik Sidharta
JURNAL HUBUNGAN LUAR NEGERI,
Vol. 10 No. 1 (2025): Jurnal Hubungan Luar Negeri
Abstract
Kajian ini bertujuan untuk menjelaskan praktik Free Trade Agreement untuk mencapai tujuan kebijakan luar negeri Indonesia menggunakan instrumen ekonomi, yang berorientasi pada kawasan ekonomi Global South yang lagi bertumbuh pesat.
Kajian ini menggunakan metode kualitatif berbasis data primer dan data sekunder dengan teknik pengumpulan studi pustaka atau pun dokumen tertulis. Kerangka teori yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah Economic Statecraft oleh David A. Baldwin (1985) dan Pendekatan South-South Cooperation. Hasil kajian ini menunjukan bahwa kerjasama perdagangan antara kedua negara berhasil berkontribusi terbukanya pasar ekspor Indonesia di kawasan Amerika Latin dan penguatan posisi tawar Indonesia di Global South.
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- A. Baldwin, D. and B. Kapstein, E. (2020). Economic Statecraft: New Edition. Princeton University Press.
- Aisyah, S. and Renggani, T.D. (2021). DETERMINANTS OF INDONESIA NON-OIL AND GAS EXPORTS TO NON-TRADITIONAL MARKET. International Journal of Economics, Business and Accounting Research (IJEBAR), 5(3), pp.3–4. doi:https://doi.org/10.29040/ijebar.v5i3.3310.
- Aknolt, A. and Pakpahan, K. (2025). © 2025 Papua Journal of Diplomacy and International Relations (PJDIR) -published by the International Relations Study Program, Faculty of Social and Political Sciences, Cenderawasih University, in collaboration with the Indonesian Association for International Relations (AIHII). Papua Journal of Diplomacy and International Relations, 5, pp.33–49. doi:https://doi.org/10.31957/pjdir.v5i1.4308.
- Al Nafi, F.H. and Nurcahyo, M.A. (2021). ANALISIS SWOT PERJANJIAN PERDAGANGAN INDONESIA – CHILE CEPA. BBM (Buletin Bisnis & Manajemen), 7(2), p.164. doi:https://doi.org/10.47686/bbm.v7i2.414.
- Al-Husin, R.N.A.-H. and Virgianita, A. (2024). Mapping the Literature on the Relationship between Indonesia and Chile as Non-Traditional Partners. Journal La Sociale, 5(2), pp.458–470. doi:https://doi.org/10.37899/journal-la-sociale.v5i2.1131.
- Altinbaş, D. (2013). South–South Cooperation: A Counter-Hegemonic Movement? The Rise of the Global South, pp.29–65. doi:https://doi.org/10.1142/9789814397810_0002.
- Ayu, R.D. and Dwi, A. (2024). 20 Peristiwa Sejarah Indonesia, Sejak Era Penjajahan hingga Reformasi. [online] Tempo. Available at: https://www.tempo.co/politik/20-peristiwa-sejarah-indonesia-sejak-era-penjajahan-hingga-reformasi-1177056 [Accessed 9 May 2025].
- Ayudiana, S. and Sulistiyandari, R. (2024). Jokowi’s legacy: Infrastructure gains amid regional challenges. [online] Antara News. Available at: https://en.antaranews.com/news/322571/jokowis-legacy-infrastructure-gains-amid-regional-challenges.
- BBC (2018). Chile country profile. BBC News. [online] 12 Apr. Available at: https://www.bbc.com/news/world-latin-america-19357497.
- Breslin, S. and Nesadurai, H.E.S. (2023). Economic statecraft, Geoeconomics and Regional Political Economies. The Pacific Review, 36(5), p.928. doi:https://doi.org/10.1080/09512748.2023.2200030.
- Cabecinhas, R. and Alves, J. (2019). Social Representations of History in the Global South: Remembering the colonial past from the margins. [online] Available at: https://repositorium.uminho.pt/bitstream/1822/61833/1/2019_Cabecinhas_Brasil_Social-Representations-of-History-in-the-Global-South.pdf [Accessed 29 May 2025].
- Carlos, J., Arbulú-Ballesteros, M.A., Valle, M.G., Elizabeth, A., Edgardo, L., Farfán-Chilicaus, G.C., Daniel, H. and Ernesto, J. (2024). Diversification of Export Markets: A Literature Review. Journal of Educational and Social Research, [online] 14(5), pp.260–260. doi:https://doi.org/10.36941/jesr-2024-0137.
- Caruso, R. (2021). Economic Statecraft: from Negative Sanctions to Positive Sanctions. Working Papers 1010 -European Centre of Peace Science, Integration and Cooperation (CESPIC), Catholic University 'Our Lady of Good Counsel, [online] pp.2–3. Available at: https://ideas.repec.org/p/pea/wpaper/1010.html [Accessed 7 May 2025].
- Cicilia, M. (2024). Indonesia dan Chile luncurkan Perundingan Investasi IC-CEPA. [online] Antara News. Available at: https://www.antaranews.com/berita/4150692/indonesia-dan-chile-luncurkan-perundingan-investasi-ic-cepa [Accessed 9 May 2025].
- Delechat, C.C., Melina, G., Newiak, M., Papageorgiou, C. and Spatafora, N. (2024). Economic Diversification in Developing Countries – Lessons from Country Experiences with Broad-Based and Industrial Policies. Departmental Papers, 2024(006). doi:https://doi.org/10.5089/9798400240201.087.A001.
- Direktorat Jenderal Minyak dan Gas Bumi (2019). Kemitraan Ekonomi Indonesia dan Chile Disahkan. [online] Kementrian Energi dan Sumber Daya Mineral. Available at: https://migas.esdm.go.id/post/kemitraan-ekonomi-indonesia-dan-chile-disahkan [Accessed 5 May 2025].
- Erta Darwati and Rini, A.S. (2023). Perdagangan RI-Amerika Latin dan Karibia Naik 8,9% dalam 5 Tahun Terakhir. [online] Bisnis.com. Available at: https://ekonomi.bisnis.com/read/20231017/9/1704833/perdagangan-ri-amerika-latin-dan-karibia-naik-89-dalam-5-tahun-terakhir [Accessed 8 May 2025].
- Free Trade Agreement Center (2022). IC-CEPA Indonesia-Chile Comprehensive Economic Partnership Agreement. [online] Kementerian Perdagangan, pp.4–10. Available at: https://kemendag-my.sharepoint.com/personal/ftacenter_kemendag_go_id/_layouts/15/onedrive.aspx?id=%2Fpersonal%2Fftacenter_kemendag_go_id%2FDocuments%2FDokumen%20Perjanjian%20Perdagangan%20Internasional%2FIndonesia-Chile%20CEPA%2FFACTSHEET%20IC-CEPA%2Epdf&parent=%2Fpersonal%2Fftacenter_kemendag_go_id%2FDocuments%2FDokumen%20Perjanjian%20Perdagangan%20Internasional%2FIndonesia-Chile%20CEPA&ga=1.
- Fu , N. (2024). Latin America: Chile’s Partnership Potential. [online] Hktdc.com. Available at: https://research.hktdc.com/en/article/MTYzODQ5NDQ4Nw.
- Gray, K. and Gills, B.K. (2016). South–South cooperation and the rise of the Global South. Third World Quarterly, 37(4), pp.557–574. doi:https://doi.org/10.1080/01436597.2015.1128817.
- Hong, P.M. (2021). Singapore | The Importance of Export Diversification for Developing ASEAN Economies. [online] Available at: https://www.iseas.edu.sg/wp-content/uploads/2021/05/ISEAS_Perspective_2021_80.pdf.
- Hutabarat, L. (2023). INDONESIAN DIPLOMACY OF SOUTH-SOUTH COOPERATION TO ACHIEVE SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT GOALS 2030. Sociae Polites, 23(2), pp.140–151. doi:https://doi.org/10.33541/sp.v23i2.4446.
- Ita Rosita, Octazia Zauzah Rachmah, Achmad Jaelani, Muhyi Mohas and Amalina Ahmad Tajudin (2024). THE URGENCY AND STRATEGY OF IC-CEPA INTERNATIONAL COOPERATION ON THE ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT OF INDONESIA. Tirtayasa Journal of International Law, [online] 3(2), pp.146–148. doi:https://doi.org/10.51825/tjil.v3i2.23537.
- KEMENTERIAN KOORDINATOR BIDANG PEREKONOMIAN REPUBLIK INDONESIA (2025). Enam Dekade Menjalin Hubungan Diplomatik, Indonesia dan Chile Dorong Kerja Sama yang Lebih Intensif untuk Mendukung Pertumbuhan Perekonomian - Kementerian Koordinator Bidang Perekonomian Republik Indonesia. [online] Available at: https://www.ekon.go.id/publikasi/detail/6259/enam-dekade-menjalin-hubungan-diplomatik-indonesia-dan-chile-dorong-kerja-sama-yang-lebih-intensif-untuk-mendukung-pertumbuhan-perekonomian [Accessed 9 May 2025].
- Kementerian Luar Negeri Republik Indonesia (2025). Portal Kemlu. [online] Kemlu.go.id. Available at: https://kemlu.go.id/kebijakan/kerja-sama-bilateral.
- Kementrian Energi dan Sumber Daya (2019). Kemitraan Ekonomi Indonesia dan Chile Disahkan. [online] Esdm.go.id. Available at: https://migas.esdm.go.id/post/kemitraan-ekonomi-indonesia-dan-chile-disahkan.
- Mawdsley, E. (2019). South–South Cooperation 3.0? Managing the consequences of success in the decade ahead. Oxford Development Studies, 47(3), pp.259–274. doi:https://doi.org/10.1080/13600818.2019.1585792.
- Medina, A.F. (2023). An Overview of Indonesia’s Free Trade Agreements. [online] ASEAN Business News. Available at: https://www.aseanbriefing.com/news/an-overview-of-indonesias-free-trade-agreements/.
- Monteiro, T. (2023). Chile: No Pain, No Gain. [online] Global Finance Magazine. Available at: https://gfmag.com/emerging-frontier-markets/chile-no-pain-no-gain/.
- Mthembu, P. (2021). Restoring and Transforming Multilateralism: Role of South-South Cooperation. RIS Journal Development Cooperation, 4(2), pp.5–6.
- Muhr, T. (2022). Reclaiming the Politics of South-South Cooperation. Globalizations, 20(3), pp.10–14. doi:https://doi.org/10.1080/14747731.2022.2082132.
- Musfiroh (2024). Indonesia’s Motivations for Signing of the Indonesia-Chile Comprehensive Economic Partnership Agreement (IC-CEPA). Papua Journal of Diplomacy and International Relations, [online] 4(1). Available at: https://www.ssoar.info/ssoar/handle/document/94079.
- Nord, M., Altman, D., Angiolillo, F., Fernandes, T., God, A.G. and Lindberg, S.I. (2025). 25 Years of Autocratization – Democracy Trumped? Gothenburg, Swedia: University of Gothenburg, pp.16, 52.
- Observatory of Economic Complexity (2023). Japan (JPN) and Indonesia (IDN) Trade | OEC. [online] OEC - The Observatory of Economic Complexity. Available at: https://oec.world/en/profile/bilateral-country/jpn/partner/idn.
- Revanda, H. and Shaidra, A. (2024). Indonesia Perluas Kerja Sama IC-CEPA dengan Cile, Jajaki Sektor Investasi. [online] Tempo. Available at: https://www.tempo.co/ekonomi/indonesia-perluas-kerja-sama-ic-cepa-dengan-cile-jajaki-sektor-investasi-49707 [Accessed 6 May 2025].
- Sabaruddin, S. and Marks, S. (2016). The Potential Political Economy Impact of the Proposed Indonesia-Chile Comprehensive Economic Partnership Agreement Ministry of Foreign Affairs of the Republic of Indonesia, Indonesia. Asian Journal of Latin American Studies, 29(1), pp.83–108.
- Sanhueza, C. (2024). Chile and Indonesia: A growing and mutually beneficial relationship. [online] The Jakarta Post. Available at: https://www.thejakartapost.com/opinion/2024/06/19/chile-and-indonesia-a-growing-and-mutually-beneficial-relationship.html [Accessed 9 May 2025].
- Saptoaji Prabowo, L.H. (2021). Indonesia’s Self Identity in the Development Assistance Policy through South South and Triangular Cooperation (SSTC). Global South Review, 2(2), p.111. doi:https://doi.org/10.22146/globalsouth.64156.
- Shofa, J.N. (2024). Indonesia Sends Trade Mission to Chile to Take Advantage of CEPA Deal. [online] Jakarta Globe. Available at: https://jakartaglobe.id/business/indonesia-sends-trade-mission-to-chile-to-take-advantage-of-cepa-deal [Accessed 8 May 2025].
- Shofa, J.N. (2025). Indonesia Retains Trade Surplus Run for 57th Consecutive Month. [online] Jakarta Globe. Available at: https://jakartaglobe.id/business/indonesia-retains-trade-surplus-run-for-57th-consecutive-month [Accessed 8 May 2025].
- Sjahril abaruddin, S. and Marks, S. (2016). The Potential Political Economy Impact of the Proposed Indonesia-Chile Comprehensive Economic Partnership Agreement Ministry of Foreign Affairs of the Republic of Indonesia, Indonesia. Asian Journal of Latin American Studies, 29(1), pp.83–108.
- Sterzer, S. (2022). Indonesia’s Economic Vision: Opportunities for Latin America. [online] thediplomat.com. Available at: https://thediplomat.com/2022/01/indonesias-economic-vision-opportunities-for-latin-america/.
- Sterzer, S. and Pakkanna, A.K. (2020). Comparative Analysis of the Trade Relations of Argentina-Indonesia and Chile-Indonesia: Latin American Journal of Trade Policy, 3(8), p.87. doi:https://doi.org/10.5354/0719-9368.2020.59042.
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References
A. Baldwin, D. and B. Kapstein, E. (2020). Economic Statecraft: New Edition. Princeton University Press.
Aisyah, S. and Renggani, T.D. (2021). DETERMINANTS OF INDONESIA NON-OIL AND GAS EXPORTS TO NON-TRADITIONAL MARKET. International Journal of Economics, Business and Accounting Research (IJEBAR), 5(3), pp.3–4. doi:https://doi.org/10.29040/ijebar.v5i3.3310.
Aknolt, A. and Pakpahan, K. (2025). © 2025 Papua Journal of Diplomacy and International Relations (PJDIR) -published by the International Relations Study Program, Faculty of Social and Political Sciences, Cenderawasih University, in collaboration with the Indonesian Association for International Relations (AIHII). Papua Journal of Diplomacy and International Relations, 5, pp.33–49. doi:https://doi.org/10.31957/pjdir.v5i1.4308.
Al Nafi, F.H. and Nurcahyo, M.A. (2021). ANALISIS SWOT PERJANJIAN PERDAGANGAN INDONESIA – CHILE CEPA. BBM (Buletin Bisnis & Manajemen), 7(2), p.164. doi:https://doi.org/10.47686/bbm.v7i2.414.
Al-Husin, R.N.A.-H. and Virgianita, A. (2024). Mapping the Literature on the Relationship between Indonesia and Chile as Non-Traditional Partners. Journal La Sociale, 5(2), pp.458–470. doi:https://doi.org/10.37899/journal-la-sociale.v5i2.1131.
Altinbaş, D. (2013). South–South Cooperation: A Counter-Hegemonic Movement? The Rise of the Global South, pp.29–65. doi:https://doi.org/10.1142/9789814397810_0002.
Ayu, R.D. and Dwi, A. (2024). 20 Peristiwa Sejarah Indonesia, Sejak Era Penjajahan hingga Reformasi. [online] Tempo. Available at: https://www.tempo.co/politik/20-peristiwa-sejarah-indonesia-sejak-era-penjajahan-hingga-reformasi-1177056 [Accessed 9 May 2025].
Ayudiana, S. and Sulistiyandari, R. (2024). Jokowi’s legacy: Infrastructure gains amid regional challenges. [online] Antara News. Available at: https://en.antaranews.com/news/322571/jokowis-legacy-infrastructure-gains-amid-regional-challenges.
BBC (2018). Chile country profile. BBC News. [online] 12 Apr. Available at: https://www.bbc.com/news/world-latin-america-19357497.
Breslin, S. and Nesadurai, H.E.S. (2023). Economic statecraft, Geoeconomics and Regional Political Economies. The Pacific Review, 36(5), p.928. doi:https://doi.org/10.1080/09512748.2023.2200030.
Cabecinhas, R. and Alves, J. (2019). Social Representations of History in the Global South: Remembering the colonial past from the margins. [online] Available at: https://repositorium.uminho.pt/bitstream/1822/61833/1/2019_Cabecinhas_Brasil_Social-Representations-of-History-in-the-Global-South.pdf [Accessed 29 May 2025].
Carlos, J., Arbulú-Ballesteros, M.A., Valle, M.G., Elizabeth, A., Edgardo, L., Farfán-Chilicaus, G.C., Daniel, H. and Ernesto, J. (2024). Diversification of Export Markets: A Literature Review. Journal of Educational and Social Research, [online] 14(5), pp.260–260. doi:https://doi.org/10.36941/jesr-2024-0137.
Caruso, R. (2021). Economic Statecraft: from Negative Sanctions to Positive Sanctions. Working Papers 1010 -European Centre of Peace Science, Integration and Cooperation (CESPIC), Catholic University 'Our Lady of Good Counsel, [online] pp.2–3. Available at: https://ideas.repec.org/p/pea/wpaper/1010.html [Accessed 7 May 2025].
Cicilia, M. (2024). Indonesia dan Chile luncurkan Perundingan Investasi IC-CEPA. [online] Antara News. Available at: https://www.antaranews.com/berita/4150692/indonesia-dan-chile-luncurkan-perundingan-investasi-ic-cepa [Accessed 9 May 2025].
Delechat, C.C., Melina, G., Newiak, M., Papageorgiou, C. and Spatafora, N. (2024). Economic Diversification in Developing Countries – Lessons from Country Experiences with Broad-Based and Industrial Policies. Departmental Papers, 2024(006). doi:https://doi.org/10.5089/9798400240201.087.A001.
Direktorat Jenderal Minyak dan Gas Bumi (2019). Kemitraan Ekonomi Indonesia dan Chile Disahkan. [online] Kementrian Energi dan Sumber Daya Mineral. Available at: https://migas.esdm.go.id/post/kemitraan-ekonomi-indonesia-dan-chile-disahkan [Accessed 5 May 2025].
Erta Darwati and Rini, A.S. (2023). Perdagangan RI-Amerika Latin dan Karibia Naik 8,9% dalam 5 Tahun Terakhir. [online] Bisnis.com. Available at: https://ekonomi.bisnis.com/read/20231017/9/1704833/perdagangan-ri-amerika-latin-dan-karibia-naik-89-dalam-5-tahun-terakhir [Accessed 8 May 2025].
Free Trade Agreement Center (2022). IC-CEPA Indonesia-Chile Comprehensive Economic Partnership Agreement. [online] Kementerian Perdagangan, pp.4–10. Available at: https://kemendag-my.sharepoint.com/personal/ftacenter_kemendag_go_id/_layouts/15/onedrive.aspx?id=%2Fpersonal%2Fftacenter_kemendag_go_id%2FDocuments%2FDokumen%20Perjanjian%20Perdagangan%20Internasional%2FIndonesia-Chile%20CEPA%2FFACTSHEET%20IC-CEPA%2Epdf&parent=%2Fpersonal%2Fftacenter_kemendag_go_id%2FDocuments%2FDokumen%20Perjanjian%20Perdagangan%20Internasional%2FIndonesia-Chile%20CEPA&ga=1.
Fu , N. (2024). Latin America: Chile’s Partnership Potential. [online] Hktdc.com. Available at: https://research.hktdc.com/en/article/MTYzODQ5NDQ4Nw.
Gray, K. and Gills, B.K. (2016). South–South cooperation and the rise of the Global South. Third World Quarterly, 37(4), pp.557–574. doi:https://doi.org/10.1080/01436597.2015.1128817.
Hong, P.M. (2021). Singapore | The Importance of Export Diversification for Developing ASEAN Economies. [online] Available at: https://www.iseas.edu.sg/wp-content/uploads/2021/05/ISEAS_Perspective_2021_80.pdf.
Hutabarat, L. (2023). INDONESIAN DIPLOMACY OF SOUTH-SOUTH COOPERATION TO ACHIEVE SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT GOALS 2030. Sociae Polites, 23(2), pp.140–151. doi:https://doi.org/10.33541/sp.v23i2.4446.
Ita Rosita, Octazia Zauzah Rachmah, Achmad Jaelani, Muhyi Mohas and Amalina Ahmad Tajudin (2024). THE URGENCY AND STRATEGY OF IC-CEPA INTERNATIONAL COOPERATION ON THE ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT OF INDONESIA. Tirtayasa Journal of International Law, [online] 3(2), pp.146–148. doi:https://doi.org/10.51825/tjil.v3i2.23537.
KEMENTERIAN KOORDINATOR BIDANG PEREKONOMIAN REPUBLIK INDONESIA (2025). Enam Dekade Menjalin Hubungan Diplomatik, Indonesia dan Chile Dorong Kerja Sama yang Lebih Intensif untuk Mendukung Pertumbuhan Perekonomian - Kementerian Koordinator Bidang Perekonomian Republik Indonesia. [online] Available at: https://www.ekon.go.id/publikasi/detail/6259/enam-dekade-menjalin-hubungan-diplomatik-indonesia-dan-chile-dorong-kerja-sama-yang-lebih-intensif-untuk-mendukung-pertumbuhan-perekonomian [Accessed 9 May 2025].
Kementerian Luar Negeri Republik Indonesia (2025). Portal Kemlu. [online] Kemlu.go.id. Available at: https://kemlu.go.id/kebijakan/kerja-sama-bilateral.
Kementrian Energi dan Sumber Daya (2019). Kemitraan Ekonomi Indonesia dan Chile Disahkan. [online] Esdm.go.id. Available at: https://migas.esdm.go.id/post/kemitraan-ekonomi-indonesia-dan-chile-disahkan.
Mawdsley, E. (2019). South–South Cooperation 3.0? Managing the consequences of success in the decade ahead. Oxford Development Studies, 47(3), pp.259–274. doi:https://doi.org/10.1080/13600818.2019.1585792.
Medina, A.F. (2023). An Overview of Indonesia’s Free Trade Agreements. [online] ASEAN Business News. Available at: https://www.aseanbriefing.com/news/an-overview-of-indonesias-free-trade-agreements/.
Monteiro, T. (2023). Chile: No Pain, No Gain. [online] Global Finance Magazine. Available at: https://gfmag.com/emerging-frontier-markets/chile-no-pain-no-gain/.
Mthembu, P. (2021). Restoring and Transforming Multilateralism: Role of South-South Cooperation. RIS Journal Development Cooperation, 4(2), pp.5–6.
Muhr, T. (2022). Reclaiming the Politics of South-South Cooperation. Globalizations, 20(3), pp.10–14. doi:https://doi.org/10.1080/14747731.2022.2082132.
Musfiroh (2024). Indonesia’s Motivations for Signing of the Indonesia-Chile Comprehensive Economic Partnership Agreement (IC-CEPA). Papua Journal of Diplomacy and International Relations, [online] 4(1). Available at: https://www.ssoar.info/ssoar/handle/document/94079.
Nord, M., Altman, D., Angiolillo, F., Fernandes, T., God, A.G. and Lindberg, S.I. (2025). 25 Years of Autocratization – Democracy Trumped? Gothenburg, Swedia: University of Gothenburg, pp.16, 52.
Observatory of Economic Complexity (2023). Japan (JPN) and Indonesia (IDN) Trade | OEC. [online] OEC - The Observatory of Economic Complexity. Available at: https://oec.world/en/profile/bilateral-country/jpn/partner/idn.
Revanda, H. and Shaidra, A. (2024). Indonesia Perluas Kerja Sama IC-CEPA dengan Cile, Jajaki Sektor Investasi. [online] Tempo. Available at: https://www.tempo.co/ekonomi/indonesia-perluas-kerja-sama-ic-cepa-dengan-cile-jajaki-sektor-investasi-49707 [Accessed 6 May 2025].
Sabaruddin, S. and Marks, S. (2016). The Potential Political Economy Impact of the Proposed Indonesia-Chile Comprehensive Economic Partnership Agreement Ministry of Foreign Affairs of the Republic of Indonesia, Indonesia. Asian Journal of Latin American Studies, 29(1), pp.83–108.
Sanhueza, C. (2024). Chile and Indonesia: A growing and mutually beneficial relationship. [online] The Jakarta Post. Available at: https://www.thejakartapost.com/opinion/2024/06/19/chile-and-indonesia-a-growing-and-mutually-beneficial-relationship.html [Accessed 9 May 2025].
Saptoaji Prabowo, L.H. (2021). Indonesia’s Self Identity in the Development Assistance Policy through South South and Triangular Cooperation (SSTC). Global South Review, 2(2), p.111. doi:https://doi.org/10.22146/globalsouth.64156.
Shofa, J.N. (2024). Indonesia Sends Trade Mission to Chile to Take Advantage of CEPA Deal. [online] Jakarta Globe. Available at: https://jakartaglobe.id/business/indonesia-sends-trade-mission-to-chile-to-take-advantage-of-cepa-deal [Accessed 8 May 2025].
Shofa, J.N. (2025). Indonesia Retains Trade Surplus Run for 57th Consecutive Month. [online] Jakarta Globe. Available at: https://jakartaglobe.id/business/indonesia-retains-trade-surplus-run-for-57th-consecutive-month [Accessed 8 May 2025].
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