Strategi bagi Keketuaan Indonesia di ASEAN dalam Mendorong Pelaksanaan Five Point Consensus (5PC) pada Konflik Myanmar
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konflik Myanmar, Five Point Consensus, Kekuatan Indonesia d ASEAN
Abstract
Pada 4 April 2021, pemimpin negara–negara ASEAN dan pemimpin militer Myanmar menyepakati Five Point Consensus (5PC) sebagai respon kolektif ASEAN terhadap situasi di Myanmar. 5PC merupakan produk deliberasi ASEAN yang berlandaskan musyawarah dan kesepakatan. Hasil musyawarah diharapkan menjadi acuan yang sah bagi ASEAN dalam mengupayakan penyelesaian konflik di Myanmar. Namun, hingga Januari 2023, implementasi 5PC belum mengalami kemajuan signifikan. Hal ini menegaskan perlunya strategi bagi keketuaan Indonesia di ASEAN untuk mengupayakan pelaksanaan 5PC di Myanmar. Untuk itu, penulis menggunakan theory of peace dari Johan Galtung dalam merumuskan strategi tersebut. Menurut teori Galtung, konflik terjadi karena adanya kekerasan struktural dan kekerasan fisik. Upaya perdamaian terhadap kekerasan struktural dan kekerasan fisik adalah terciptanya positive peace dan negative peace. Dalam mendorong pelaksanaan 5PC, maka hal yang perlu diupayakan adalah terciptanya negative peace di Myanmar. Guna menciptakan negative peace, penulis merekomendasikan beberapa strategi yaitu melakukan multistakeholder and second track engagement, menggandeng Tiongkok, Rusia, India, dan Special Envoy PBB, serta memperkuat upaya special envoy ASEAN.
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